Granite

Le granite est une roche magmatique plutonique grenue, présente et exploitée dans la Manche.

Le granit désigne le matériau employé par les professionnels travaillant la pierre, dès lors qu'elle est grenue, comme le granite ou la granodiorite cadomienne, ou même certaines formes de grès dur.

Répartition des massifs

On trouve le granite dans les massifs les plus anciens datant de la fin du précambrien (avant 540 millions d'années)  :

• au cap de Flamanville
• sur la bordure maritime du Val de Saire : à Fermanville, Cosqueville et Barfleur.
• dans le sud du département en deux bandes synclinales orientées ouest-est, de 10 km de large,
  • l'une allant des falaises de Champeaux à Pont-Farcy et Vire (Calvados), (granidiorite)
  • l'autre d'Avranches aux environs de Mortain où le granite est recouvert par le grès armoricain.
• sur les ilots de Chausey, du Mont-Saint-Michel et de Tombelaine.
• dans le massif de Chalandrey et celui de Louvigné-du-Dézert (Ille et Vilaine) qui vient jusqu'à Saint-James.

Extraction

Aujourd'hui

Saint-Michel-de-Montjoie.

Trois carrières de granite sont actives dans la Manche :

• Carrières de Montjoie pour du bleu de Vire
• Travaux publics du Cotentin à Cosqueville.
• Granit d'Âtre à Saint-James pour du granit gris-bleu

Autrefois

De très nombreuses carrières, aujourd'hui abandonnées, attestent de l'activité importante des granitiers du 19^e siècle à la première moitié du 20^e :

• dans le nord du département:
  • les carrières de Flamanville
  • le granite varisque de la carrière de port Pignot à Fermanville a servi à la construction de la rade de Cherbourg
• dans le sud de la Manche :
  • le granite de la carrière de Carolles a servi aux travaux de construction des quais du port de Granville en 1923-1924
  • à Chausey, Sainte-Pience, la Goronnière à Montgothier, au Mont-Jarry et au Tertre à Avranches, à la Batardière dans le massif de Chalandrey, à Plomb, Le Luot, Gathemo et Lingeard
  • à Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre

• Extraction du granite
• 

  Granitiers à Sainte-Pience.

• 

  Chantier Lefrant à Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre.

• 

  Chantier Marin à Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre.

• 

  Carrières de Carolles.

Utilisation

• Pierres de construction : habitations, calvaires, édifices religieux, enrochements.
• Outils: meules de moulins, tour à piler les pommes, auges.
• Fonts baptismaux.
• Matériau de décoration : pavés, pierres tombales, linteaux, puits, bordures de trottoirs.
• Sarcophages au Moyen Âge .

• 

  Pinacles et escalier de dentelle au Mont-Saint-Michel.

• 

  Travaux d'art à Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre.

• 

  Travaux au port de Granville

• 

  Maison à Sainte-Pience.

• 

  Pressoir à roue.

• 

  Stèle commémorative.

• 

  Monument Lechanteur

La route du granite et des pierres percées

C'est un circuit de 50 km dans le bocage normand, principalement dans le Calvados ; dans la Manche, elle passe à Saint-Michel-de-Montjoie, Saint-Pois et son Val d'Enfer, Coulouvray-Boisbenâtre et au moulin du Gast (à la limite du département). Le circuit est balisé avec des bornes en granit percées d'un trou dans leur partie supérieure.

Chargement de la carte...

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Lien interne

• Parc-musée du Granit